CE2304 Environmental
Engineering – I
PART – A
1.
Define
the term potable water.
2.
State
the causes for water pollution.
3.
Write
the advantage of sub-surface sources
4.
What
are the uses of nomograms?
5.
Define
the terms ‘Sedimentation’
6.
Differentiate
between Temporary and Permanent hardness.
7.
Draw
the typical line sketch of ‘Dead end system’.
8.
What
is meant by equalizing reservoirs?
9.
Rainwater
harvesting is the need of the hour – justify.
10.
List
the commonly using disinfectant.
11.
What are
the different tests done during water analysis?
12. What do you understand by the term per capita demand?
In a town or city for what purpose
generally water required.
13. What major precautions are taken in handling and
laying water pipe lines?
14.
What are the factors be considered for
locating a pumping station?
15.
Sketch the layout
plan of water treatment plan.
16.
What are various
processes required to remove the various types of impurities?
17.
What are the
requirements of a good distribution system?
18.
Compare the merit
and demerits of continuous and intermittent supply system water
19.
What are the
factors to be considered for rain water harvesting?
20.
What are the
various methods by which ground water recharge is accomplished?
21.
List out any four factors affecting rate of demand
22.
What are the objectives of public water supply scheme?
23.
What are the intakes?
24.
What are the advantages of steel pipes in water supply
project?
25.
What is the purpose of coagulation?
26.
How can you classify filters into different categories?
27. What
are the general considerations of the water distribution system design?
28.
Distinguish between Gravity system of distribution and
pumping system of distribution?
29.
What is meant by “Ground Water Re-charge”?
30.
List out the various methods of “Water Conservation”
presently followed in India?
31.
State the effects when each of the
following substances exceeds the
prescribed limits in a water sample.
(a) Nitrates (b) fluorides
32.
Define
‘percapita demand’.
33. What are intakes?
34. What do you mean by ‘tuberculation’ in
pipelines?
35. Draw the sequence of treatment you would
recommend for ground water free from pollution but containing dissolved salts
in large concentrations.
36. What do you mean by disinfection?
37. What are the various methods of
distributing water?
38. What do you mean by ‘hydraulically
balanced network?
39. What do you mean by ‘appurtenances?
40. Write a note on reuse of waster water.
41. Define the term “Per capita demand”.
42. Give a list of different sources of water.
43. Differentiate between ‘dry’ and ‘wet’
intake.
44. What are the different materials used for
water supply pipes?
45. What is meant by super chlorination?
46. List out four coagulants used in treatment
of water.
47. Mention any two differences between
intermittent and continuous water supply.
48. Give any two methods of leak detection in
pipes.
49. Define specific yield of ground water.
50. What is reuse of waste water? Give an
example.
PART – B
11. Define the term ‘per capita demand’. Write the factors affecting ‘per capita
demand’ and state the reasons for variations in demand.
(or)
12. What are the causes for pollution of surface
and subsurface sources of water? State the measures to be adopted to prevent
pollution of water.
13. Draw a neat sketch of canal intake and
explain the working principle. State its
merit and demerits.
(or)
14. Describe the procedure adopted for laying and testing of water
mains.
15. Draw a typical line sketch of water treatment plant and explain
the various components in it.
(or)
16. What do you understand by the term water softening? Explain with neat sketch the zeolite process
for softening of water.
17. Describe the various methods for laying the distribution lines.
(or)
18. Write a brief note leak detection and state the various tests used
to detect the leakage of water.
19. Draw a neat sketch of a rain water harvesting
structure and write the problems associated with operation and maintenance of
rain water harvesting structures.
(or)
20. Discuss in detail the concept of linking of
Indian rivers. Write the various
constraints in executing this project.
21.
Write in detail about “Water
Pollution” in India. (4)
(b) Explain in detail about the “Reasons for the
analysis of water”. (4)
(c) What are the requirements of potable water for
domestic use?
(4)
(or)
22. (a) What are the various methods of
population forecasts? (4)
(b) The census records of a city show
population as follows:
Present 50,000
Before one decade 47,100
Before two decades 43,500
Before three decades 41,000
Workout the probable population after one, two and
three decades by using Incremental increase method (8)
23. (a) What
considerations govern the choice of a particular type of pump in water supply
project? (6)
(b) List
out the advantages of cement concrete pipes in water supply project. (6)
(or)
24. (a) What are ‘Air Valves’? Explain their
working in detail. (4)
(b) Explain in detail about ‘Canal
intakes’ with a neat diagram.
(8)
25. (a) Explain
with a neat sketch, the working of a continuous flow type sedimentation tank. (8)
(b)
Explain the principle of coagulation (4)
(or)
26. (a) List
out the differences between slow sand and Rapid sand filters. (8)
(b) What
is the necessity for disinfection of water? (4)
27. (a) Compare
the merits and demerits of the ‘Continuous’ and ‘intermittent’ systems of water
supply.
(b) Give
sketches of the following:
(i) Elevated
Reservoir
(ii)
Surface Reservoir
(or)
28. (a) Discuss
in detail about ‘Radial method’ of layout of distribution pipes (6)
(b) What
are the points to be considered in the maintenance of distribution system of
water supply?
29. (a) Explain
in detail about how the ‘Rain water harvesting’ is useful in the conservation
of water. (8)
(b)
‘Waste Water is also an unused, misplaced resource’ Explain. (4)
(or)
30. (a) Explain
the advantages and disadvantages of ‘Linking of Indian Rivers’ from Economical,
Environmental and Social point of views.
31. Mention the common impurities in water which
should be taken into account in deciding the potability of water. sample.
Describe the essential tests to be performed on such a sample.
(or)
32. The
population figures of a town during the four decades ie 1960, 1970, 1980 and
1990 are 25,000, 30,500, 35,500 and 42,000 respectively. Predict its population
in the year 2000 and compare the results through Arithmetical progression.
Geometrical progression, Incremental increase method and changing Increase Rate
method.
33. Explain the
procedure for the complete testing of a newly laid C.I. pipe for carrying water
supply.
(or)
34. What
factors are required to be considered in the selection of the type of pump?
Discuss the situations under which the following types of may be used.
(a)
Reciprocating pumps
(b) centrifugal pumps
(c) Air
lift pumps.
35. (a) State
the principles of working of a horizontal flow sedimentation tanks.
(b) What
should be the size of a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 1.0 MLD with 2
hours detention and overflow rate less than 40,000 litres per day per sq.m. of the
surface areas?
(or)
36. (a) What
are the merits and demerits of the rapid sand filters as compared with slow
sand filters?
(b) What
is air binding? What are its effects?
37. What are
the methods available for supplying water to the consumers? Which one do you
think to be preferable and why?
(or)
38. What are
the different methods of analyzing a given distribution system? Explain
Hardz-Cross method of pipe network analysis.
39. Explain
various methods of ground water recharging and state the factors to be
considered.
(or)
40. What are
the advantages of Rain water harvesting and discuss the various methods of rain
water harvesting.
41. Discuss the various Physical, Chemical
and Biological characteristics of
water.
(or)
42. Name the
various methods of population forecast and explain the circumstances under
which it is applicable.
43. Mention any three pipe appurtenances with
neat sketches.
(or)
44. What are
intakes? Explain any two intake structure with neat sketches.
45. Distinguish
between the slow sand filter and rapid sand gravity sand filters in a tabular
form.
(or)
46. Water has
to be purified for a town whose daily demand is 9 x 106 litres/day.
Design a suitable sedimentation tank of the water works fitted with sludge
remover. Assume the velocity of flow, in the sedimentation tank as 22cm/min and
the detention period as 8 hrs.
47. What are
the different method of analyzing a given distribution system? Explain Hardy
Cross method of pipe network analysis.
(or)
48. Write short notes on:
(a) Service storage
(b) Fire hydrant
49. Explain briefly about “Rain Water
Harvesting”.
(or)
51. Linking of
Indian rivers – Discuss.
(a) Give the permissible limits for the
following in drinking water
(i) Turbidity (ii) Chlorides
(iii) Nitrates
(iv) Hardness (v) Total Solids
(b) Enumerate
the method which you can adopt for determining
the total water requirement of
community.
(or)
52. (a) Name five important communicable – water
borne diseases what are the fundamental
requirement of portable water.
(b) Describe
the bacteriological rests to be performed for portable water.
53. Determine the capacity of a pump to meet the
water requirement of town with the
following data
(a) population of the town
(b) Difference of water level between the source and
treatment plant
(c) Efficiency of the pump and it has to pump the
water in 24 hours
(or)
54. (a) What are the different type of pipes in use
for carrying water Indicate
approximately diameters and pressure ranges in which
they are used.
(b) Explain and
Sketch any two types of joints used for water mains.
55. (a) What
are the points to be considered for public water supply?
(b) Explain
the treatment processes carried out for the removal
of impurities in water?
(or)
56. (a) Discuss the relative
merits of rapid sand filters and slow
sand filters indicating the condition
favorable for the choice
each
(b) Discuss
the use of chlorine as disinfecting agent with reference to a.
a)
Its disinfecting
action.
b)
Dosage
c)
Its form
d)
Testing its
residuals
57. (a) What
are the four different systems of distribution? Explain any one system in a
neat sketch.
(b) What are the different types of reservoirs used
for storage purposes? Explain any one system in a neat sketch.
(or)
58. (a) Explain
the hardy cross method used for pipe network analysis in water distribution
system.
(b)
What are the main function of the storage and distribution reservoirs?
59. (a) Explain
the Nalgonda technique of deflouridation by exhibiting its use for an individual
rural household.
(b)
Describe the methods of effective usage of waste water.
(or)
60. (a) Discuss
in detail the environmental aspects of linking of Indian rivers.
(b)
Describe the procedure for removal of iron from raw supplies in rural areas.
