CE 1255 Highway
Engineering
1. Define central road
fund?
On the recornmendation of
Jayhawker committee, central
Road fund came into
existence on 1st march 1929, Upon the authority
of a resolution adopted by
the Indian legislature.
2. Define National Highway
Act 1956?
In 1956, National Highway
act was passed declaring the
National Highways and
empowering the central Govt to declare any
other highway to be NH.
This act came into force with effect from
15th April 1957.
3. Explain CRRI?
CRRI- The central Road
Research Institute Delhi in 1950
It is an organ of the
council of scientific and industrial research, and
in function include.
4. Write Short notes on
Highway Research Board?
This board was set up by
I.R.C in 1973 to give proper
direction and guidance to
road research work in India .
5. What are classified
roads in Nagpur
plan?
1. National Highways (NH)
2. State Highways (SH)
3. District Roads:
(1) Major district Roads
(2) Other district Roads
6. Define Express ways?
These roads are of higher,
day than National highway. There
are Such roads on which
only font moving vehicles like car and
jeeps are classified.
7. What are the modified
classification of Road system by Third
RDP (1981-2001)
1. Primary System
2. Secondary System
3. Tertiary system
8. What are type of Road
patterns?
1. Rectangular (or) Black
pattern.
2. Radial (or) Star and
black pattern.
9. Write short notes or Nagpur plan (or) Its
20-year Road plan.
The first attempt for
proper Scientific planning of roads in
plan.
10. Write short notes on
Second twenty year road plan (1961-81)
A Second road development
programmer (1961-81) was finalized
by the chief engineers
connected with road development, both at centre
and Staten in a meeting
held at Hyde Chad
in 1959.
11. What are the
fundamental principles of alignment?
1. Length of road should
be shortest
2. The Proposed road
should form a most economical line.
3. The alignment should
provide corny.
12. What are the function
which control the selection of alignment?
1. Volume and type of
traffic
2. Obligatory points
3. Canal river (or)
railway crossings
4. Geotechnical standard
to he adopted
13. Define obligatory
point?
Obligatory point are such
points which act to control points in
highway alignment.
14. What are special
considerations for him road alignment?
1. Stability 2. Drainage
3. Geometric standard 4. Deep writing
and heavy fillings should
he avoided.
15. What are the varies
type of Engineering surveys?
1. Map shady
2. Reconnaissance survey
3. Preliminary survey
4. Detailed Survey
16. What are two type of
road project?
1. A new highway Project
2. Re-alignment (or)
revenging Highway project
17. What are head involved
in Highway Geometric?
1. Cross Section eleventh
like camber, Super elevation
2. Sight distance
character sight like stopping sight distance,
overtaking sight distance
etc.
3. Honzontal and vertical
alignments
18. Define camber?
Traverse slope given to
the road surface in called camber. It is
provided mainly to drain
off rain water from the road surface.
19. What are the factors
deepens on camber?
1. Account of Surface
2. Type ground surface
20. What camber
recommended in WBM Road ?
Water Bound Macadam road
1 to 33 (3%) 1 in 40
(2.5%).
21. What camber
recommended in bihiminour road?
Bihiminour surface 1 in 40
(2.5%) 1 in 50 (2%)
22. What camber
recommended in cement concrete Road?
Cement concrete Road 1 in
50 (2%) 1 in 60 (1.7%)
23. What are the different
type of camber?
1. parabolic camber
2. Sloped camber
3. Composite camber
24. Define carriage way
width?
Metal led puce strip of
road meant for vehicular traffic
movement in called
carriage way.
25. Define dual
carriageways?
Each portion of the
carriageway is reserved for traffic moving in
opposite direction. Such
carriage ways are called dual carriageways.
26. What are the width of
carriage way in meteor two lane without
raised wert state
highways?
State highways 7.0 m
27. Write note on high
speed barrier herb?
This herb is 23cm to 45cm
to height . This herb is mainly used
at initial location such
as bridge and hill roads.
28. Define formation
width?
Formation width is also
called road way. It is the sum of
width of carriage way
shoulders, and separations it provided
29. Define Right of way:-
Area to the acquired along
the road alignment in called right
of way.
30. Define sight distance?
Sight distance in the
actual length of road over which a driver
sitting at a specified
height in a vehicle can see objects either moving
(or) stationary on the
road surface.
31. What are
classification of sight distance depending upon the
situation?
1. Stopping sight distance
2. Sate overtaking sight
distance
3. Sight distance at
intersection
32. Define S.S. D?
Stopping sight distance is
the minimum distance required with
in which a vehicle moving
at designed speed can be stopped without
colliding with a
stationary object on the road surface.
33. What is the height of
driver eye above the road surface?
IRC recommended height of
driver eye is 1.22m.
34. Define reaction time:-
It is the time in seconds
which a driver can take from the
instant the objects
visible to him to the instant the brakes are
effectively applied.
35. Define perception
period?
Perception period is the
time taken by an average driver to
realize a danger a head
before actually trying to apply the breaker.
36. Define overtaking
sight distance (OSD)
The distance visible to
the driver of a vehicle intending to
overtake another slow
moving vehicle, without causing any
inconvenience (or)
possibility of accident to the traffic in the opposite
direction in called
overtaking sight distance (or) safe passing sight
distance.
37. Define design speed?
Design speed can be
defined as the speed which is permissible
for safe and comfortable driving
on a given surface of the highway.
38. What are the two
effects of centrifugal force?
1. Tendency to overturn
the vehicle.
2. Tendency to skid the
vehicle laterally.
39. Define super
elevation?
The outer edge of the road
in raised above the inner edge
called super elevation
(or) cant (or) banking.
40. What is the elation
between super elevation, continuant of friction
and centrifugal force
elf = v2
____
127R
e = super elevation whose
value is taken an 40 (or) 1/15
f = Lateral frictional
coefficient whose value in
R = Radian of curve in
metros .
g = 9.8
V = speed of vehicle in
m/sec.
41. What is the maximum
rules of super elevation ?
v2
e = ----
225R
This formula assumer that
centrifugal force corresponding to 75% of
the designed speed is
balanced by super elevation and the next winter
acted by the side
friction.
42. Define horizontal
curve?
It is a curve in plan to
provide change in the direction of the
central time by the road
surface.
43. What are the factors
attesting the design of curve?
1. Design speed of the
vehicle
2. Allowable friction
3. Maximum allowable super
elevation.
4. Permissible centrifugal
ration.
44. Define vertical curve?
It is a curve in the
longitudinal section of a highway to
provide a easy change of
the gradient.
45. What are curve used in
a highway.
1. Circular curve
2. Transition curve
3. Parabolic curve
46. What is the value of
radian of the simple curve?
R= 1720m app
47. Define compound curve?
A compound curve currish
of a serial of hoot (or) more
simple curve that run in
the same direction and joint at common
tangent point.
48. Define Reverse curve?
A reverse curve consist of
two simple curve opposite direction
that point at the common
tangent point. This common point in
called the point of
reverse curve
49. What are the types of
transition curve?
1. True spiral (or
clothed.
2. cubic spiral.
3. cubic parabolic.
4. Lemniscate’s.
50. What are
characteristics of Transition curve?
1. It should meet the
straight path tangentially
2. It should meet the
circular curve tangentially
51. What is the equation
of a spiral transition curve?
Ls = m Ö Q
Where m = Ö2RL = a constant
Q = tangent of deflection
angle in radians
52. How many methods to
determine the length of transition curve?
(1) By the rate of charge
of radial acceleration
(2) By empirical formula
53 . Define gradient?
It is the rate of rise
(or) fall of road level along if length
54. What are the factors
governs the gradient?
(1) characteristics – of
the traffic.
(2) Physical factors of
the site such a drainage, safety,
(3) Bridge, approach Road
and railway Line intersection etc.
55. What are different
types of gradient?
1. Maximum gradient
2. Puling gradient
3. Limiting gradient
4. Exceptional gradient
56. What are the
driaclvantager of Exceptional gradient?
1. More fuel consumption
2. More friction losses
3. Efficiency of engine
reducer
4. Early fatigue to
animals.
57. What are the hyper of
vertical curve?
1. Summit curve
2. Valley curve
58. what is the minimum
Radian of vertical curve?
The minimum ration of the
curve is given by
L
R = ---
Q
59. What is the length of
valley curve?
L= 0.38 (NV 3) ½
L = Total Length of valley
curve
N = Deviation angle
v = Design speed in
triumph
60.What are the materials
required for W.B.M roads?
1. Coarse aqqregate.
2. Screenings.
3. Filler materials
61. What are type of
bituminous road?
1. Surface dressing
2. Bituminous bound
macadam
62. Define seal coat?
Premised snail bitumen
(or) surface dressing type seal coat is
applied either immediately
(or) after a few days.
63. What are method
adopted consummation of cement concrete
pavement?
1. Cement grout method
2. Rolled concrete method.
3. cement connate slab
method
64. What types of join
provided in cement concrete pavements?
1. Expansion joint
2. Contraction joint
3. warping joint.
65. What material used as
joint Filler?
1. Soft wood
2. Impregnated fiber board
3. Cork (or) cork bound with bitumen
4. Coir fiber
66. What mate rich used an
joint sealer?
1. Birdmen
2. Rubén bitumen
67. Write short notes on
Hair pin bend?
A hair pin bend should he
located on the hill side
having the minimum slope
and maximum stability It should be sate
against land slide and
ground water. Hair pin bends with long arms
and further spacing should
he provided.
68. What are the methods
of pavement?
1. Flexible pavement
2. Rigid pavement
69. what are the component
of a fallible pavement?
1, Soil sub grade
2. sub base course
3. Base course
4. Wearing course
70. Define sub grade?
The soil sub grade in a
layer of natural soil prepared to
receive the other lays of
the pavement.
71. What properties posses
soil sub grade?
a, strength
b, Drainage
c. Ease of compaction
d, permanency of
compaction etc.
72.. What are tests
conducted the strength properties of the sub
grade?
1. California bearing ratio tests
2. California resistance value test
3. Plate bearing test
4. Trysail shear test
73. Define bone course?
It is the foundation
layer, designed for the structural stability
The main function of the
bare course in edible pavements is to
improve the load supporting
capacity by distributing the load through
a finite ethicalness’.
74. Define leaving course
?
It is that component of
pavement with which the wheels of vehicular
are in archival contain.
75. What are the factors
attaching stability of pavement?
a. Traffic factors.
b. Mosher factors.
c. Climatic factors.
d. Soil factors
e. Stets dissipation
factors.
76. Define contact
presume?
Contact presume = loud on
wheel
____________
contact area
77. Define Rigidity
factor?
Rigidity factor = contact
presume
_____________
Type presume
78. What is ESUL?
Equivalent Single Used
Load
79. What understand by
Repetition of load?
The repeated loading may
produce permanent and non uniform
deformation of sub grade.
80. What are the causes of
increase in moisture?
1. Percolation of surface
water through Erath in the pavement
surface.
2. Entry of water through
edger of the pavement
3. Seepage
4. Capillary rise from
high water table
81. What is meaning of
frost heave?
The terms frost heave
return to rising up of the pavement
portion.
82. What method is used
for strengthening of flexible pavement?
Benkelman Beam Reflection
method.
83. What is the basic
principle of Benkelman Beam deflection
method?
The deflection method is
based on the concept that pavement
section which have been
conditioned by traffic elastically under a
load.
84. What are the factor
considered deformation under a given load?
1. sub grade soil type
2. Soil mousier content
and its compaction
3. Thickness of pavement
layers
4. Drainage conditions.
85. What are factors
causing stressor in slab?
1. used loads
2. cyclic changer in
temperature
3. Changes in moisture
4. Volumetric changer in
bare course.
86. Define hand aggregator
give example?
Hand aggregator are used
to resist crushing effect and adverse
weather effect (ex)
granite trap
87. What is the user of
soft aggregator ?
They can also be used in
lower layer of good type of roads. Soft
aggregator are usable in
low cost road.
88. What are the
proportion of aggregator?
1. Strength 2.Hardness 3.
Toughens 4. Sound ness
5, shape of aggregate 6.
Bushmen adhesion properly
7. cementations
89. What are test for Road
aggregator?
1. Abrasion test
2. Lost angler abrasion
test
90. Define Elongation
index?
This test is also suitable
for aggregate of size greater than
6.3mm and is carried our
in the same way a how been explained
in flakiness index
91. What are the
proportion of bihiminour material
1. consistency
2. Durability
92. What are test of
bitumen?
1. Generation test
2. Ductility test
3. Solubility test
93. What are different
grade of bitumen?
30/40, 80/100 , 60/70
94. Define emulsion?
Emulsion is a combination
of water bitumen and an
emulsifying agent.
95. What are test for
bitumen emulsion?
1. Sieve test
2. Mining test
96. What are general
causer of pavement failure?
1. Faulty material of
commotion
2. Faulty construction and
improper quality control during
construction.
97. What are typical
failover of flexible pavement?
1. Shear failure
2. Longitudinal cracks.
98. What are typical
failure of cement concrete pavements?
1. mud pumping 2. spelling
of join
99. what are the
classification of maintenance?
1. Routine maintenance
(0r) repairs
2. Periodic maintenance
3. Special repairs.
100. What are two methods
of pavements evaluation?
1. Structural evaluation
of pavement
2.
Evaluation of pavement surface conditions.
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