UNIT –III
TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS
1. Define beam?
BEAM is a structural member which is supported along the length and subjected
to external loads acting transversely (i.e) perpendicular to the center line of the beam.
2. What is mean by transverse loading on beam?
If a load is acting on the beam which perpendicular to the central line of it then it
is called transverse loading.
3. What is Cantilever beam?
A beam one end free and the other end is fixed is called cantilever beam.
4. What is simply supported beam?
A beam supported or resting free on the support at its both ends.
5. What is mean by over hanging beam?
If one or both of the end portions are extended beyond the support then it is called
over hanging beam.
6. What is mean by concentrated loads?
A load which is acting at a point is called point load.
7. What is uniformly distributed load.
If a load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that rate of loading ‘w’ is
uniform through out the length then it is called as udl.
8. Define point of contra flexure? In which beam it occurs?
Point at which BM changes to zero is point of contra flexure. It occurs in
overhanging beam.
9. What is mean by positive or sagging BM?
BM is said to positive if moment on left side of beam is clockwise or right side of
the beam is counter clockwise.
10. What is mean by negative or hogging BM?
BM is said to negative if moment on left side of beam is counterclockwise or right
side of the beam is clockwise.
11. Define shear force and bending moment?
SF at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of all the forces acting either side
of beam.
BM at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces
which are placed either side from that point.
12. When will bending moment is maximum?
BM will be maximum when shear force change its sign.
13. What is maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam of span ‘L’
subjected to UDL of ‘w’ over entire span?
Max BM =wL2/8
14. In a simply supported beam how will you locate point of maximum bending
moment?
The bending moment is max. When SF is zero. Write SF equation at that point
and equating to zero we can find out the distances ‘x’ from one end .then find maximum
bending moment at that point by taking all moment on right or left hand side of beam.
15. What is shear force?
The algebric sum of the vertical forces at any section of the beam to the left or right of
the section is called shear force.
16. What is shear force and bending moment diagram?
It shows the variation of the shear force and bending moment along the length of the
beam.
17. What are the types of beams?
1. Cantilever beam
2. Simply supported beam
3. Fixed beam
4. Continuous beam
5. over hanging beam
18. What are the types of loads?
1. Concentrated load or point load
2. Uniform distributed load
3. Uniform varying load
19. In which point the bending moment is maximum?
When the shear force change of sign or the shear force is zero
20. Write the assumption in the theory of simple bending?
1. The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic.
2. The beam material is stressed within the elastic limit and thus obey hooke’s
law.
3. The transverse section which was plane before bending remains plains after
bending also.
4. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract independently about the
layer, above or below.
5. The value of E is the same in both compression and tension.
21. Write the theory of simple bending equation?
M/ I = F/Y = E/R
M - Maximum bending moment
I - Moment of inertia
F - Maximum stress induced
Y - Distance from the neutral axis
E - Young’s modulus
R - Constant.
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